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Date: April 30, 2024 Tue
Time: 3:49 am
Time: 3:49 am
Results for violence reduction
5 results foundAuthor: Chi, Jocelyn Title: Reducing Drug Violence in Mexico: Options for Implementing Targeted Enforcement Summary: Between 2006 and 2012, drug-related violence in Mexico escalated to unprecedented levels. During this time, five of the top ten most violent cities in the world were found in Mexico, and over 60,000 Mexicans were killed at the hands of Violent Drug Trafficking Organizations (VDTOs). This reign of terror has expanded to include other types of violence, such as extortion, robbery, kidnapping, and spectacular public displays of violence. Most alarmingly, VDTO victims increasingly include ordinary citizens, journalists, law enforcement and military, and other government officials. To date, enforcement efforts in the United States (U.S.) have focused almost exclusively on reducing the flow of drugs from, and through, Mexico. Violence reduction has been a secondary concern, and has been mostly considered as a potential side-benefit of flow reduction policies. Until recently, Mexican authorities have focused their attacks on the upper leadership of major organized crime groups as a method of reducing flows, and in an effort to address threats to public safety. However, freshly elected President Enrique Pena Nieto has indicated that his administration will shift focus away from drug flows, in order to prioritize crime prevention and violence reduction. Given that both the Bush and Obama Administrations have acknowledged that the U.S. market for illegal drugs is largely responsible for fueling the Mexican drug trade, and that the U.S. has a strategic interest in Mexican security, the U.S. may have a currently-unexploited opportunity to reduce violence in Mexico. In this project, we explore whether the adoption of targeted enforcement in the Unites States could theoretically effect a reduction in violence in Mexico, and, if so, what form that strategy might take. We consider the operational and informational requirements for implementation, as well as the information a decision-maker would require in order to elect targeted enforcement as a strategy for addressing the security problem in Mexico. Targeted enforcement is novel in several respects. While it is not inconsistent with flow-reduction goals, the strategy leverages enforcement resources in the United States to effect violence reduction in Mexico. Furthermore, because it is a deterrent strategy, targeted enforcement requires authorities on both sides to clearly and publicly identify the target and communicate that violence will no longer be accepted as a method of conducting business. Finally, the target will encompass entire VDTOs, and not just individual offenders, which increases the cost of individual offending through internal organizational pressure. Keeping in mind current budgetary constraints, we develop four design options for violence-focused U.S.-side targeted enforcement. We evaluate our options with reference to the potential for crime and violence reduction, intelligence demands, implementation and political feasibility, and community impacts. Through a series of interviews with experts in the field, and an exhaustive review of secondary sources, we find that not only is U.S. adoption of targeted enforcement possible within existing frameworks, but that this approach has great potential for reducing Mexican-side violence. Our findings suggest: - First and foremost, we note that the adoption of a targeted violence-reduction approach need not conflict with current U.S. efforts to reduce drug flows; thus, there should be no cost in terms of drug abuse in the U.S. - While a short-term surge in violence is possible, attacking drug-trafficking revenues in the U.S. could incentivize VDTOs away from using violence to advance their drug-trafficking interests. Authorities would need to better understand the revenue portfolios of VDTOs in order to estimate how responsive organizations might be to attacks on revenues, and measure the cost-effectiveness of such a strategy. - Successful implementation requires sophisticated intelligence, and while there is some indication that both the U.S. and Mexico possess the capacity to gather this intelligence, this capacity would likely need to be refined and/or expanded. - The necessary administrative and enforcement infrastructures appear to be in place in the U.S., though resources would need to be reallocated, and additional funding might be necessary. - In the U.S., policies targeting drug flows are popular due to a perception that they decrease drug consumption; a shift towards violence reduction would probably require intensive outreach to educate stakeholders. In Mexico, current distrust in government would require clear and public communication about target selection and the role of Mexican authorities in U.S.-side enforcement. - Finally, a number of possible community impacts exist, and U.S. and Mexican authorities would need to establish mechanisms for collecting data and tracking trends in order to respond to negative externalities. Details: Los Angeles: UCLA Luskin School of Public Affairs, 2013. 52p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed August 25, 2014 at: http://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/reducing_drug_violence_mexico.pdf Year: 2013 Country: Mexico URL: http://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/reducing_drug_violence_mexico.pdf Shelf Number: 129923 Keywords: Criminal NetworksDrug MarketsDrug TraffickingDrug-Related Violence (Mexico)HomicidesKidnappingsOrganized CrimeTargeted Law EnforcementViolenceViolence PreventionViolence ReductionViolent Crime |
Author: Abdoll, Carmen Title: Reducing Violence in South Africa: Resourcing Violence Prevention Summary: Facing shrinking incomes, governments must decide how to allocate funds among public services. This policy brief gives an overview of South African government budget decision making. It reviews opportunities and challenges related to funding primary programmes to prevent violence, and suggests that a unique approach is needed to advocate for funds. This is the second in a three-part series on reducing violence in South Africa. Details: Pretoria, South Africa: Institute for Security Studies, 2017. 16p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed January 14, 2019 at: https://issafrica.org/research/policy-brief/reducing-violence-in-south-africa-resourcing-violence-prevention Year: 2017 Country: South Africa URL: https://issafrica.s3.amazonaws.com/site/uploads/policy-brief107-v2.pdf Shelf Number: 154141 Keywords: Budget Cost-Benefits Crime Prevention Funding Funds Public Services South Africa VAWC Violence Against Women and Children Violence Prevention Violence Reduction |
Author: Australia. Department of Social Services Title: National Plan to Reduce Violence Against Women and Their Children: Fourth Action Plan (2019-22) Background and Evidence Summary Summary: Overview The Fourth Action Plan, 'Turning the Corner' is the final Action Plan under the National Plan to Reduce Violence against Women and Their Children 2010-2022 (National Plan). The Fourth Action Plan will continue to provide a coordinated approach to reducing violence against women and their children through collaboration with all Australian jurisdictions. The priorities explored through the consultation include: - reducing violence against women and their children through prevention activities - reducing sexual violence - addressing the impact of violence on women from Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities addressing the impact of violence on women from culturally and linguistically diverse communities. - addressing the impact of violence on women with disability - addressing the impact of violence on LGBTIQ people - developing workforce capability - responding to the impact of family and domestic violence on children - adequate crisis accommodation - supporting the medium to long-term safety, wellbeing and independence of women and their children - addressing technology-facilitated abuse - access to justice. The purpose of this paper is to provide information on the evidence base for priorities explored through the consultations. This is not a comprehensive overview of all of the research available, and does not claim to represent the breadth of the conversations which have been had. It is also acknowledged that there are still gaps in the research and data. Details: Canberra, Australia: Department of Social Services, 2018. 31p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed January 20, 2019 at: https://plan4womenssafety.dss.gov.au/the-national-plan/the-fourth-action-plan-2019-2022/ Year: 2018 Country: Australia URL: https://plan4womenssafety.dss.gov.au/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/revised-background-and-evidence-paper_1.pdf Shelf Number: 154285 Keywords: Aborigines Access to Justice Australia Disabilities Domestic Violence Family Violence Intimate Partner Violence LGTIQ National Plan to Reduce Violence Against Women Partner Violence Rape Sexual Assault Sexual Violence Torres Strait Islander Communities Violence Against Children Violence Against Women Violence Reduction |
Author: Pan American Development Foundation Title: Participant Handbook: A Curriculum for Police and Specialists in Crime Prevention among Youth Summary: In the past fifteen years, the Caribbean has experienced significant increases in crime, especially with regard to domestic violence, substance abuse and gang activity among youth. These actions have had a major impact on, not only the victims and their families, but also the perpetrators, bystanders and society as a whole. The effects are widespread and include diminishing economic and social returns related to local business, tourism, investment and overall development indicators. Such challenges can result in an overburdened criminal justice system, and have negatively impacted the ability to combat crime by creating fear and distrust among citizens. To address these issues, police and other government agencies are now making social crime prevention a priority. In working together, police, government officials and key members of society can, and do, influence the quality of life in their communities. By creating mutually beneficial and trusting relationships, they can ensure government-citizen collaboration that affects positive change where they serve, especially among the next generation. The key is creating community-driven strategies for addressing crimes, while using evidence-based practices to apply lessons learned and ensure sustainability. This course is designed to help police and other specialists in crime prevention resolve the root causes of youth violence. It seeks to provide participants with an understanding of the role police and others (including youth) can play in crime prevention, as well as the importance of approaching prevention through a holistic process involving coordination across government agencies, community groups and families. It also aims to encourage participants to appreciate that the quality of community life can be improved by replacing longstanding barriers of mistrust with opportunities for partnership and communication. Ultimately, this course will provide participants with concrete skills for working with potential offenders through leadership, critical thinking, communication, planning and outreach. This Participant Handbook is meant to serve as an accompaniment to a 31-hour class-based course. It includes 10 modules in total, each consisting of 3 approximately one-hour long lessons (minus Module 9, which covers only one 4-hour lesson). The course addresses social crime prevention, communication, leadership, causes of youth crime and violence, evidence-based practices, politics, ethics, social media and action plans. There is a mid-term and final exam, as well as a class presentation on the action plans created. Details: Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago: Ministry of National Security and Pan American Development Foundation, 2014. 107p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed May 21, 2019 at: https://static1.squarespace.com/static/54073cece4b0bf6cd12bf4c9/t/546cebe5e4b07045cfc3fe5d/1416424421200/T%26T+Participant+Handbook+Sept+2014+FINAL_sm.pdf Year: 2014 Country: Trinidad and Tobago URL: https://static1.squarespace.com/static/54073cece4b0bf6cd12bf4c9/t/546cebe5e4b07045cfc3fe5d/1416424421200/T%26T+Participant+Handbook+Sept+2014+FINAL_sm.pdf Shelf Number: 155944 Keywords: Crime PreventionGang ActivityLaw EnforcementTraining HandbookTrinidad and TobagoViolence Reduction |
Author: Independent Monitoring Boards Title: IMB Annual Report 2017/18 Summary: Independent Monitoring Boards are an important part of the independent oversight of prisons and places of immigration detention. Our members are a regular presence in those closed environments, monitoring the treatment and conditions of prisoners and detainees, regularly reporting what they find to those running the establishment, and dealing with queries and concerns from individual prisoners. They are unpaid, but have statutory powers to go everywhere, talk to prisoners and see documents. Their findings and activities, during the year, are captured in their published annual reports. This national report brings together those findings for the period from late 2017 to 2018. It covers a period when the great majority of prisons were emerging from a significant crisis: the combined impact of serious staffing shortages and an influx of new psychoactive substances, compounded by inadequate maintenance arrangements. It therefore chronicles a system that was overall in slow and sometimes fragile recovery, dealing with the aftereffects of that crisis, both for prisons and the treatment and potential rehabilitation of prisoners. It also raises some underlying issues that directly affect prisoners, but which are not under the control of the prison or criminal justice systems: such as the availability of mental health services and post-release support, particularly housing. In my own visits to prisons, I could not help but be struck by the visible decline in safety, control and the expectations of both prisoners and staff since I last visited them, as Chief Inspector of Prisons, in 2010. It is therefore welcome that additional resources have now been put into prisons, with an influx of staff, but it will take time before prisons can not only stabilise, but progress. There are some promising initiatives under the prison reform programme. They include: -the roll-out of offender management in custody (OMiC); -the prison estate transformation programme; -lessons learnt from the then Prisons Minister's ten priority prisons project, and responses to the Inspectorate of Prisons' urgent notification process; -revised processes for supporting prisoners at risk of suicide and self-harm; -the new drug strategy; - embedding the CSIP (challenge, support and intervention) process for violence reduction; -new processes and contracts for dealing with prisoners' property. The report therefore provides a benchmark for the future, to assess the extent and impact of these and other changes. From now on, we will be publishing a digest of IMBs' annual reports every three months, and doing further work with Boards to identify emerging themes and issues and to record progress against the hopes and expectations of the prison reform programme. Details: London: Independent Monitoring Boards, 2019. 56p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed June 27, 2019 at: https://s3-eu-west-2.amazonaws.com/imb-prod-storage-1ocod6bqky0vo/uploads/2019/06/IMB-NATIONAL-ANNUAL-REPORT-PUBL-5-JUNE-2019.pdf Year: 2019 Country: United States URL: https://www.imb.org.uk/reports/2018-annual-reports/page/2/ Shelf Number: 156721 Keywords: Immigration Detainees Immigration Detention Mental Health Services Oversight Prison Reform Prisoners Rehabilitation Violence Reduction |